Saturday, August 4, 2012

Politics and Facebook: The afterlife of a post

On July 9, 2012, I wrote a blog post on my blog "Welcoming the Other" titled "Politics and Facebook" (see http://welcomingtheother.blogspot.com/2012/07/politics-and-facebook_09.html?showComment=1342462059396).  I also posted a link on Facebook (of all places) accompanied by a brief quotation from the blog post.

Not only did people respond, over the next month, with comments on the Facebook post, but I received e-mail messages--including earnest expressions of concern from someone who worried he might have offended me (more on that below).  A Facebook friend reposted the quotation, and there were also comments on the original blog post.

What follows is a record of that "afterlife" of the blog post and the Facebook sharing.  First, Facebook (with one confession: when I first posted on Facebook I wrote "Politics" with a typo as "Politcs"--and because people had added comments, couldn't correct it, till now!):




·         Politics and Facebook--why I don't like the mix: http://welcomingtheother.blogspot.com/2012/07/politics-and-facebook_09.html

A brief excerpt: George Albert Smith, a president of the Church during the mid-twentieth century, warned, “Whenever your politics cause you to speak unkindly of your brethren, know this, that you are upon dangerous ground.” More recently, President Gordon B. Hinckley reminded us that “political differences never justify hatred or ill will,” and added, “I hope that the Lord’s people may be at peace one with another during times of trouble, regardless of what loyalties they may have to different governments or parties” (see “Instruments of the Lord’s Peace,” Ensign May 2006).





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o   
Garry Wilmore Hear, hear!

July 9 at 1:04pm · LikeUnlike

§        Bruce Young Garry, I want you to know that every time you agree with me (or "like" something I've said), I feel honored and validated. There's something reassuring in having someone who disagrees with me on some things (especially someone of intelligence and good will like yourself) agree with me on other (more important) things.

July 9 at 1:26pm · LikeUnlike · 1

§ 
Brett Jensen I think the issue is bigger than politics and facebook... it has more to do with the perception of anonymity on the internet. People that would in person treat one another with respect will hide behind a machine and use every unkind word.

July 9 at 1:54pm · LikeUnlike · 3

Brett Jensen By the way, for facebook, consider unsubscribing from individuals if their posts bother you. I have friends that like completely innapropriate images, and that has worked out well.

July 9 at 1:57pm · LikeUnlike

Bruce Young Brett: Great points. I rarely look at the comments section of online news articles or opinion pieces because most of the comments seem to come from people whose inhibitions against incivility and abuse have dissolved--probably, as you say, because of anonymity.

July 9 at 2:03pm · LikeUnlike · 2

Garry Wilmore

         Thanks for the feedback, Bruce. I have always believed that the spirit of contention is of the devil, but apart from that, I don't claim to know everything -- from which it logically follows that sometimes the people who disagree with me might actually be right after all. And then, especially with regard to political issues, reasonable people can disagree over those as well. At the Judgment Bar, the Lord might have questions for each of us, but I really don't think He is going to be too concerned about whether we were Republicans, Democrats, or just about anything else (although I realize that this assertion might run afoul of unofficial Utah Valley doctrine). The only exceptions, as I see it, might be if we become card-carrying Nazis, or members of some other extremist group that espouses hatred and/or violence, and I can't see either of us ever joining their ranks!

ght actually be right after all. And then, especially with regard to political issues, reasonable people can disagree over those as well. At the Judgment Bar, the Lord might have questions for each of us, but I really don't think He is going to be too concerned about whether we were Republicans, Democrats, or just about anything else (although I realize that this assertion might run afoul of unofficial Utah Valley doctrine). The only exceptions, as I see it, might be if we become card-carrying Nazis, or members of some other extremist group that espouses hatred and/or violence, and I can't see either of us ever joining their ranks!July 9 at 2:58pm · LikeUnlike

Anna Bennion I like this several times over.

July 9 at 3:33pm · LikeUnlike

§ 
Bruce Young Thanks, Anna. Same to you.

July 9 at 6:12pm · LikeUnlike

Jill Smith-Sullivan

Thanks for sharing Bruce. I was at a family reunion and mentioned one of the candidates and my oldest cousin went totally ballistic! I walked away and she came back the next day and all was well with NO mention of politics or religion... I feel these are very personal and we really don't owe anyone an explanation of how we feel. I am going to just keep quiet and love my own candidates and never tell anyone. My mother and I were talking about it the other day and she said what we all need to do is pray to our Heavenly Father and ask him to help the leaders of our country. I kind of liked that idea.

July 9 at 6:22pm · LikeUnlike


Great thoughts, Jill. It would be nice if we could be totally open with friends and relatives and not have hurt feelings result. But as you know, family is complicated. I guess it's good to learn strategies for keeping the peace. And your mother's comment on praying for our leaders: absolutely! We all need the good will and prayers of other people. I can't imagine how anyone could deal with the burdens of leadership without having that kind of help.

July 9 at 6:59pm · LikeUnlike

Andrew B Schultz

Professor Young, I have to disagree with your opinion on Facebook and politics. Facebook, along with other social media tools, is as much as anything else a chance for people whose influence would have been very small in pre-social-media days to have a larger voice.

Think of "United Breaks Guitars" (you can Google that if you're not familiar with it, you'll get a YouTube video). That's an example of how individuals can wield greater influence in their dealings with corporations, but politics is exactly the same. If Facebook users are interested in politics, it's completely appropriate for them to post about those interests.

And, Facebook doesn't really have "rules" ... but I think rather than hoping for the establishment of an unlikely apolitical decorum, a good policy is to assume that somebody's political post showing up on your wall isn't directed at you and doesn't require your response, unless it's directly calling you out. It's more like hearing someone talking about it across the room - you may disagree, but that doesn't mean the conversation shouldn't be happening.

I think the larger problem is the animosity that exist in American politics. There's no civility. I used to think that was a modern evil, until I learned about the namecalling in the Adams/Jefferson presidential race ...

July 16 at 5:31pm · Edited · LikeUnlike


You make good points, Andrew, and I don't totally disagree with what you say. Facebook has few rules--making it a bit of a free for all. To its credit, Facebook has also provided some ways to opt out of some elements of the free for all.

I value the way Facebook gives people--including virtually anyone--a larger voice. And I'm not entirely opposed to dealing with some political content. It's good for me to develop some tolerance for opinions I disagree with.

 What I don't like are the following:

 (1) Large quantities of political material each day (much of it from just a couple of people).

 (2) Mean spirited, unfair, disrespectful, uncivil content--much of it also badly distorting what I would recognize as a fair representation of reality.

 (3) The fact that I cannot respond to most of these items, even the most outrageous ones--at least if I follow counsel I feel bound to respect and if I include ward members among my Facebook friends. Even if it were appropriate for me to respond, I'm not sure how effective I'd be in "talking some sense" into my friends--while at the same time keeping them as friends.

 This last point relates to the multifaceted functions of Facebook: for some it is a way of keeping in touch with family and close friends; for others with neighbors and coreligionists; for others it's a way of maintaining professional contacts or even of promoting products or services; for others, it's a forum for promoting political views, candidates, or one side or another in partisan battles. Some of the dissonance comes when one is, or when one's friends are, using more than one of these functions.

 It's true that most of what my "friends" are saying is not directed specifically at me, and I can try to ignore it if I don't like it (despite the large photos and biting captions). Facebook allows me to tone down the voices of specific friends, subscribing only to their "important" content or even unsubscribing entirely. But there's no easy way to eliminate offensive or other unwanted content while keeping the positive and genuinely informative content. I lament the fact that I have to eliminate much or all of the contact I have with certain people through Facebook simply to avoid unpleasant and contentious feelings and to avoid associating certain people I love and respect--and in some cases have significant responsibility for--with those feelings.

 My blog post was mainly a description of my experience and a commentary on contemporary culture. I don't imagine I'll be singlehandedly bringing about an era of good will and intelligent discussion. But I did learn (from some of those who commented ) techniques for minimizing some of the discomfort. And as a result of writing and sharing the post, I had some specific tender, bonding, illuminating moments of interaction with some of my Facebook friends. That made it entirely worth it.

July 16 at 7:14pm · LikeUnlike

Andrew B Schultz

Good points. I have to say that the democratization of media that gives everyone a larger voice makes me wonder about democracy sometimes ;-). A supporter of the candidate I oppose responded to a rather inoccuous twitter post of mine the other day and used the "F" word and "faggot". People like that actually get to vote in this country...

It's also true that your incumbent actually owes a good portion of his success in '08 to his savvy with social media... if it's that important to you, maybe you'll consider voting for Romney :-D



Well, if I were free to "go public" as a political partisan and if politics were the focus of my life, I might just use social media for all it's worth to promote "my candidate"--who isn't Romney, I'm afraid (sorry to say that I keep testing out that possibiity as I watch and listen and can't feel good about it). Sorry to hear about the abusive language you got exposed to. I'm afraid politics can bring out the worst in people--and it's certainly not limited to one side of the spectrum or supporters of a particular candidate. Just look at the comments section of any number of online articles, or even listen in on the language of political operatives working for any of the candidates. It's sad how slimy public and private discourse has gotten


Margaret Young

No excuse for abusive language. I'm with my husband politically, but we've both been turned off by the language and even figurative language we've heard in political seasons. You might not like Pres. Obama, but his characterization of "the silly season" is spot on. What a shame! A nation founded on such wonderful ideals should run its politics in a dignified way, and political spokespeople should be on the front lines defending that dignity.


Kay Draper

amen, my brother and sister; I've been thinking about this myself (not the Church quotes, but but how friggin' sick I am about the whole thing. Sound-bites, out of context quotes, exaggerations, half-truths that people latch onto as soon as they send them and click *share* before checking to see if it is even true, knee-jerk reactions, and, most of all, treating people who disagree with your view as if they are a.stupid and b. evil. (whilst behaving stupidly and evilsih) .


Garry Wilmore

I agree, and I believe all of the election-year slime and mudslinging is keeping a lot of good people and potentially great candidates out of politics altogether. I'm basically a live-and-let-live sort of guy, and as such I am grateful that my own FB friends list includes a number of people with whom I have rather strong disagreements on political and social issues. (My own views tend to be definitely right of center, but not extreme; I'm not a Tea Party type, for instance.) But I try to treat all of my friends respectfully, and they all do the same for me. Why can't the society at large be that way?

23 hours ago [August 2, 2012] · LikeUnlike

Jamie Zvirzdin Good post and good quote! I differ a tiny bit in that I'm okay with letting people know what my political positions are, but I'm definitely NOT okay with saying mean, derogatory, or insulting things about the opposing candidates, just as you were saying. As my mission president, Tad Callister, used to say, you can be analytical without being critical.

18 hours ago [August 2, 2012] · LikeUnlike

Bruce Young Thanks for all your thoughtful comments. Re: Garry's question as to why people in general aren't as civil and agreeable as (generally speaking) our virtual community of sorts is most of the time on Facebook--I'd guess one answer is that we value our friendships over the pseudo-satisfaction of venting and engaging in slash and burn tactics and proving we're "right." But with impersonality--the failure to remember that the other people one is talking to and about are real people--comes a suspension of ethical responsibility, a feeling that "everything is permitted," maybe the false belief that victory matters more than the bonds of affection (to use Lincoln's phrase).

59 minutes ago [August 3, 2012] · LikeUnlike

========================================================================

ALSO “SHARED” (REPOSTED) BY JAMIE ZVIRZDIN:


George Albert Smith, a president of the Church during the mid-twentieth century, warned, “Whenever your politics cause you to speak unkindly of your brethren, know this, that you are upon dangerous ground.” More recently, President Gordon B. Hinckley reminded us that “political differences never justify hatred or ill will,” and added, “I hope that the Lord’s people may be at peace one with another during times of trouble, regardless of what loyalties they may have to different governments or parties” (see “Instruments of the Lord’s Peace,” Ensign May 2006). via Bruce Young

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LikeUnlike · · Thursday at 1:40pm ·
   

o    19 people like this.

Carli Anderson Very well said. Thanks!

Thursday at 2:27pm · LikeUnlike

Victoria Blanchard If I could like this 50 times, I would.

Thursday at 2:33pm · LikeUnlike

Elisa KelloggShaffer So true, I always hate election years for that reason...wish they had the same method of electing to office by the same method the Lord uses.

Thursday at 5:25pm · LikeUnlike

Zackary Van Valkenburg Great quote Jamie.

Yesterday at 7:08am via mobile · LikeUnlike · 1


22 hours ago · LikeUnlike


AND BY VICTORIA BAKER LISOWSKI:

This is actually exactly what I've been feeling lately. I'm not a liberal, I'm not a conservative, but I still feel attacked. I wish things would not be so negative all the time.

Jules Young and 3 others like this.
AND MARGARET YOUNG (in fact the first one to share it):

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COMMENTS ON BLOG POST (some a bit over the top, imho; and some more relevant than others--but to make the record complete, here they are):


  1. Wow! My husband outs himself!!
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  2. Love it! Wise words again Bruce!
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  3. Love your blog title too!
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  4. FYI, both of my most active blogs ("Welcoming the Other" and "The Face of the Other") borrow their titles from Emmanuel Levinas--a philosopher whose work I much admire. You'll find more about him here and there in the two blogs.
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  5. Hear hear ... regarding limiting posts, just go to that little upside-down caret in the upper right corner of a person's post in your status feed and a menu will pop up. You can then set what level of "exposure" you will get from that person.

    I have a classmate that would just bombard FB with posts from her extreme viewpoint and it was tiresome for me. So I just put her on "Only important" posts and viola! I'm much less annoyed and I didn't have to "unfriend" her.

    Good luck!
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  6. What do you think Elder Oaks' stance is re: that same quote you cited after the Religious Freedom devotional he gave supporting/defending the Church's involvement with Proposition 8 in 2009?
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  7. To Jefa: Thanks for the advice on how to limit exposure. To LaShawn: I doubt Elder Oaks would disagree now with what he said in 1987. I'm sure he would defend religious freedom (including the freedom of the Church to take certain positions) however the positions, or even religious freedom itself, are currently classified on the liberal-conservative spectrum. (In other words, the principles he's talking about would apply to the Church's support of civil rights and its opposition to the MX missile system as well as to its opposition to abortion, same-sex marriage, or gambling.)

    Meanwhile, I'd like to report on how my post has fared via Facebook. I shared a link on Facebook and have gotten lots of comments--besides which, someone sent me a private e-mail sharing personal experiences and concerns. It appears the post has touched a chord in a lot of people: many of us, it appears, have had relationships with friends or family strained by political disagreements. And many of us have felt the temptation to engage in battle and let the relationships suffer. Whether we've yielded or resisted, it appears these feelings of irritation and contention are intensely unpleasant. It seems to me they can also be damaging--to inner peace and to social harmony.

    It's also pretty clear that negativity in the political sphere is not limited to a particular party or ideology. People of all sorts of political persuasions are capable of being negative, even abusive. As one commenter pointed out, those who are responding (for instance, through comments on Facebook) to a negative political post can sometimes be far more offensive than the post they are responding to.

    Trying to look at the positive, I would say this situation gives all of us plenty of opportunities not only to school our own feelings but to seek that blessed condition referred to in the Sermon on the Mount: to act as peace makers.
    ReplyDelete
  8. Not to disagree with anything you say about the Church's neutrality position, I would add that there is a Federal income tax rule that also has a bearing. Although there are 1st Amendment arguments that churches should not be taxed, the black letter law that applies is section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code that provides, in part, that in order for an organization to qualify for tax-exempt treatment it must be the case that "no substantial part of the [organization's] activities . . . is carrying on propaganda, or otherwise attempting, to influence legislation . . . and [the organization] does not participate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distributing of statements), any political campaign on behalf of (or in opposition to) any candidate for public office." Thus, a modest amount of "issues" statements is thought to be OK, but there is no allowance for a 501(c)(3) organization to endorse or oppose any candidate.
    Indirectly (not as a lawyer giving advice), I know that the Church has been well advised on this matter.
    ReplyDelete
  9. By the way, I've been aware for several hours that I misspelled the first word in my Facebook post: I wrote "Politcs" instead of "Politics." (It's just a typo; I really do know how to spell the word.) But if I try to change it now, I'll lose all the comments people have made. Which would be a shame.
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  10. Chris--thanks for your comment. I've never known exactly what the law is on that matter. I often think of the civil rights movement as something it's easy to consider "political" (though not partisan) in which many black churches and some white ones were heavily involved. I've also read lots of stories about conservative Christian churches--or at least the pastors leading particular congregations--very directly endorsing candidates and allowing the churches' meetings and resources to be used to help in the partisan effort. (Are they endangering their tax exempt status when they do that?) In any case, I am very, very grateful the LDS Church doesn't allow that kind of direct connection between the Church and partisan activity.
    ReplyDelete
  11. For anyone who is interested, I'll let you know what my completely non-expert understanding is on the issue I just brought up (churches endorsing candidates, campaigning for them, etc.). Apparently, it's technically against the tax code (at least if "any substantial part" of its activities are involved). But lots of churches seem to do this sort of thing anyway (including some black churches and some conservative evangelical ones). Apparenty, the IRS isn't likely to go after them, though, unless they get SO involved with the campaign efforts that they cross the line from being a church to being a political organization. The tax code also talks about influencing legislation--but obviously lots of churches are involved in that in various ways, on various sides of many issues. (The civil rights movement was one prominent example, and there have been many less prominent ones.) I suspect that the IRS practice may be similar to what I said about campaigning: they're not going to worry about things unless a church crosses the line from being a church to being primarily a lobbying organization. (Again, let me emphasize that I'm thinking out loud here, trying to process what little I know. These are "hints and guesses," but maybe are something near the real state of things.)
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  12. To give another example: A friend of mine shared a photo of Pres. Bush embracing a soldier, accompanied by the caption "this is what a real 'Commander in Chief' looks like"

    I believe you can find the photo at:

    http://sphotos-b.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-snc7/315372_10150920472805060_912164099_n.jpg

    I found a photo of President Obama doing the same:
    http://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-ash4/380587_10150920386645060_602383728_n.jpg

    And I put both in an album:
    http://www.facebook.com/media/set/?set=a.10150920385505060.405072.506575059&type=1&l=68c692c97f

    . . . to which I added this message:

    The Constitution designates the President as the Commander in Chief. We're invited as citizens of the United States to recognize our President as such.

    I also added a comment to the photo of President Obama (see http://www.facebook.com/#!/photo.php?fbid=10150920386645060&set=a.10150920385505060.405072.506575059&type=1&theater ):

    I added this photo in response to one of Pres. Bush hugging a soldier (and saying "this is what a real commander in chief does"). I wanted to remind everyone that this is what ALL commenders in chief do (do you know of one who hasn't?). In this case, to imply that Pres. Obama doesn't hug the troops (or that Pres. Bush didn't)--especially when the photographic evidence is unignorable--is both to disseminate a falsehood and to engage in the worse kind of partisanship, the kind that demeans the institutions, practices, and relationships that make up America's national life.

    (You may notice the note of frustration in that comment--not only at the mean-spiritedness of some of what goes on on Facebook these days, but also at the awkwardness of responding to it. Oh well.)
    ReplyDelete
  13. (Trying to perfect the linking process--the last one should probably have been http://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10150920386645060&l=cc569a2a5b
    ReplyDelete
======================================================================
FINALLY, A BIT ON SOME E-MAIL CONVERSATION:

A friend of my e-mailed me after reading the blog post, concerned that he had been among those whose political postings had bothered me.  He also recounted his difficulties when a fairly benign Facebook comment of his received a virulently antagonistic response from someone he considers a friend and brother, leading him to end Facebook contact with the friend.

Here was my response:

Hello, dear friend. First of all, I've never had negative feelings (that I remember) about your posts, maybe because you always seem to present things with a smile and maybe because I don't remember you crossing the line of craziness and negativity some people sometimes do.

To be honest, I don't know that I'd want politics to be taken out of Facebook compltely. I think it's good for me to develop a degree of tolerance for hearing opinions different from mine, even through Facebook. My problem has been with frequent posters whose content is often extreme (in my opinion). It's hard to ignore a dozen or two posts in a day and hard not to let them rub me the wrong way.

I've also seen the sort of thing you describe: comments that are far worse (angry and demeaning) than whatever it is they are commenting on. That's always bothered me, even when (maybe especially when) the person making the comments shares my political views.

Anyway, be assured that I was not thinking of you in anything I said that may have seemed critical. One reason I love the Church is that it brings me in close contact with people who are different from me. That contact helps me understand things I would never have understood on my own (plus giving me the gift of many precious friendships). One example: Gene Erekson and I spent many, many hours together when I had a stake calling--and once or twice we brushed up against some issues we disagreed about. I decided I valued his friendship so much I would avoid arguing with him about anything. I can truly say I love him like a brother. My life would be much impoverished if I didn't know him.

The same goes for you. Thanks for trusting me enough to share your thoughts and feelings with me, and thanks for your generous response to my thoughts.

Best wishes,

Bruce

================================================
P.S.: Here's a photo someone else posted--with a sentiment it's hard to disagree with:

Friday, July 20, 2012

Something on which I agree with John Boehner, John McCain, and Ed Rollins

Well, I violated my own rules: I got sucked into a political exchange on Facebook.  (My rules--or at least my feelings--are explained here: http://welcomingtheother.blogspot.com/ 2012/07/politics-and-facebook_09.html .) 

This time it was on Michele Bachmann's accusations against Huma Abedin.  What I did was respond to a post by a relative and friend that asked what people thought about Bachmann's defense of the accusations in an interview with Glenn Beck.  I have to admit to a bias against Beck, who strikes me as borderline crazy (that's not a clinical judgment, just a general assessment of his style and some of his opinions).  But in the Facebook exchange I was mainly thinking of Bachmann, who has been a repeat offender in misrepresenting facts and whose challenging of other people's status as "true Americans" has always bothered me and struck me as dangerous.

So I made a brief statement of my view (including my agreement with John McCain's and Ed Rollins's statements on the subject) and added a link to what Rollins said.

My relative/friend then posted a quotation from "The American Thinker" (apparently the source of Bachmann's information) and asked if it was true or false.  I had to admit I didn't really know for sure.  I speculated, "It's probably a mix of true and false," and then said: "I don't have personal knowledge about most of the accusations. I've heard some of them persuasively refuted (that her fellow Minnesota congressman, a Muslim, has ties to the Muslim Brotherhood, for instance). Other accusations might be true (that the aide may be related to people who are associated with certain organizations).  I believe a lot of people are currently working on checking the facts. The reason I'm concerned about the anti-Islamic, guilt-by-association, and conspiracy-to-take-over-the-government flavor of some of the accusations is that this general approach has shown itself historically to be dangerous and destructive, even when partly based on facts. The other reason I'm cautious about the accusations is that I'm used to hearing lots of distorted accusations about the [LDS] Church, and so I like to give other persecuted groups the benefit of the doubt as much as I reasonably can.  I think all this will get sorted out with time, if people remain level headed."

I felt awkward even saying that much and felt I didn't want to get further involved, partly because really figuring out the facts in matters like this is complicated and partly because I worried that I'd do damage to my relationship with the relative/friend I was responding to.  I've learned that there are a good number of people I love and respect and get along with happily but do best to avoid engaging in political discussions with, since the love and respect and, especially, the getting along happily can be strained by political passion.

I also felt awkward because of the difficulties of having a real discussion on Facebook.  Even a full paragraph (which in my experience often corresponds with a complete thought) seems awfully long on Facebook.  And trying to put together a series of connected thoughts on a complicated subject would require the kind of space associated with an essay or a blog post.  Facebook is obviously not intended for pieces of that length.

So here--without taking the time to become an expert on the question--I'll share some of my thoughts both on the issue itself (the accusations) and on why I've reacted as I have.

When I first heard the accusations, I was suspicious for several reasons: (1) I was aware of Michele Bachmann's past history of making wildly inaccurate and sometimes inflammatory statements (see, for instance, http://www.politifact.com/personalities/michele-bachmann/ and http://www.factcheck.org/archives/search-results/?cx=000672474746801930868%3Aa87hh_euyka&cof=FORID%3A11%3BNB%3A1&ie=UTF-8&q=bachmann&sa=Search ).  (2) I'm suspicious of any accusations that seem politically motivated, whoever is making them.  (3) I generally dislike negative attacks, especially against the character or patriotism of particular people.  It's not that some people don't have character problems or flaws in their patriotism.  But I like giving people the benefit of the doubt and try not to be easily swayed into making harsh judgments about people.  (4) It also appeared to me in this case that Bachmann was depending on or even stirring up anti-Muslim sentiment, a kind of sentiment I strongly oppose, for lots of reasons.  (More on this below.)

In addition to these factors, I soon saw news articles indicating that John McCain had spoken in defense of Huma Abedin on the Senate floor (see http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/2chambers/post/john-mccain-defends-huma-abedin-against-accusations-shes-part-of-conspiracy/2012/07/18/gJQAFpxntW_blog.html and http://www.csmonitor.com/Media/Content/2012/0719/John-McCain-defends-Huma-Abedin ).  And then I read the opinion piece by Ed Rollins, former campaign manager for Bachmann, denouncing the accusations (see http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2012/07/18/bachmann-former-campaign-chief-shame-on-michele/ ).  The fact that these statements came from respected Republicans made me feel some confidence that the accusations were without foundation--or at least that they were distorting the facts or their significance.  More recently I learned that John Boehner (leader of the Republican majority in the House of Representatives) had also criticized Bachmann's statements (see http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2012/0720/Boehner-says-Bachmann-accusations-on-Clinton-aide-dangerous ).  Though I hadn't investigated the facts myself, I assumed that these figures--especially McCain, who has spent time with Abedin--knew what they were talking about.

The only other information I had came from seeing a television interview with Keith Ellison, (like Bachmann) a Minnesota congressman, but unlike her, a Muslim.  He responded to accusations from Bachmann that came (if I understand or remember correctly) in the interview she did with Glenn Beck defending her previous accusations.  She apparently claimed that Ellison has ties with the Muslim Brotherhood and that he has tried to stop the inspector general from investigating the matters she's concerned about.  He responded that he has not ties with the Muslim Brotherhood, that he hasn't tried to stop any investigation but has raised questions about its basis, and furthermore that the inspector general has the task of investigating efficiency and effectiveness, not the sorts of concerns Bachmann is raising.

But having said all that (and adding that Congressman Ellison's assertions about himself seem credible to me), I have to say that I do not personally know the facts about Huma Abedin's relatives' ties to particular organizations.  I assume that any concerns about these ties were considered by the State Department or other responsible parties.  In fact, I've wondered whether these ties--if they exist--could actually be one reason Abedin might be especially qualified to assist the Secretary of State in these times following the "Arab Spring."  Certainly, as a Muslim with Middle Eastern background, she would bring understanding of things going on in the Middle East and other areas with large Muslim populations.  She might helpfully assist in making contacts and communicating.

If it turns out that Huma Abedin is secretly working for radical foreign interests, then Bachmann may have done us a service.  But I think it's extremely unlikely that Abedin is doing any such thing--especially because her ethnic and religious identity would make it very hard for her to do such surreptitious work while at the same time being under the watchful eye of other professionals in the State Department.  It would be like accusing a Mormon in the State Department of secretly working for world domination by the LDS Church (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, to use its official title).  I would be unlikely to believe such an accusation, even if kooky statements by this hypothetical Mormon's in-laws were quoted or passages of scripture that talk about the fall of nations and the triumph of Zion were cited by the accusers.  (Jews and Catholics, by the way, have been accused of similar conspiracies.)

I should add a word about the "Muslim Brotherhood."  I don't know much about this organization.  It's commonly referred to as radical. and perhaps it is--though I believe you could make a case for calling the Tea Party or even calling either of the major US political parties radical, especially if you're very selective in finding quotations from the most extreme adherents.  I believe Egypt recently elected a member of the Muslimi Brotherhood as president.  If this is true, it may be a cause for concern--though actually running a country tends to bring out people's moderation and pragmatism.  And I believe it will serve us better to work positively with the democratically elected leader of Egypt than to brand him "radical."  If we really want people in other countries to elect their own leaders, then we have to learn to deal with the choices people in those countries make.  I hope the era is long past when we sent the CIA in to undo election results we didn't agree with in other countries.

Finally, a few of the reasons I'm wary of the sorts of accusations Bachmann is making even though I don't know all the facts:

(A) As I've already noted, I believe attacks on people's patriotism are dangerous.  In fact, I believe that such attacks are, generally speaking, unpatriotic.  I've written recently at length on this subject at http://faceofother.blogspot.com/2012/07/of-patriots-and-patriotism.html .

(B) I believe promoting conspiracy theories also tends to be dangerous and destructive.  It's true that there are and have been conspiracies, of various kinds.  But most conspiracy theories are extreme and irrational, and they tend to feed a spirit of suspicion, fear, and antagonism.  They also lead people into a kind of craziness in which they may end up doing things as bad as or worse than the things they are opposing.  Naziism used conspiracy theories about the evil intentions of Jews to stoke up antagonism and justify horrific persecution.  Senator Joseph McCarthy, though perhaps having some facts on his side, went so far with speculative and inaccurate accusations that he famously created an atmosphere of fear and did damage to many good people's lives and reputations until finally the Senate, with Utah's Senator Arthur V. Watkins as a leading figure, voted to censure him.

In my view, the conspiracy theory mentality tends to damage the three great virtues of faith, hope, and charity.  As a Latter-day Saint, I agree with Elder Boyd K. Packer's view that we should trust in God and look to our Church leaders rather than succumb to the mentality often associated with conspiracy theorists.  (In 1992, at a time when some fringe political figures were arguing for extreme responses to what they considered the dangers posed to the country, Elder Packer said, "There are some among us now who have not been regularly ordained by the heads of the Church and who tell of impending political and economic chaos, the end of the world--something of the 'sky is falling, chicken licken' of the fables. They are misleading members to gather to colonies or cults. Those deceivers say that the Brethren do not know what is going on in the world or that the Brethren approve of their teaching but do not wish to speak of it over the pulpit. Neither is true." See “To Be Learned Is Good If . . .," Oct. 1992 General Conference.)

(C) Closely connected with the conspiracy theory mentality is the tendency to engage in guilt by association.  Given the nature of human life, it's hard for any of us not to be related to or otherwise associated with people who might draw suspicion on us if it's assumed that we share the same views or are guilty of similar deeds.  Someone has pointed out that the Bush family (meaning the family of two recent presidents of the United States) had personal association with the bin Laden family--the very family with which the man behind the September 11 attacks was connected.  I believe any assertion of guilt by association should be treated with suspicion; if it appears to be based on fact, it still needs to be examined carefully for the significance of the association to be determined.

(D) A particular kind of "guilt by assocation"--one based on religious belief--is especially prone to abuse.  Currently, Muslims are among those most likely to be thought ill of in America simply because of their religious beliefs.  Though some Muslim extremists have done terrible things, I believe there are serious dangers with focusing on Muslims or on Islam in general as a threat.  I empathize with Muslims because, as a Mormon, I've seen my own religion treated in similar ways.  I believe Islam is a great religion worthy of respect and that the vast majority of Muslims contribute as positively to the world as people of any other large group.  Many Latter-day Saint scholars and Church leaders have had positive things to said about Islam and Muslims.  I've collected and linked some of these statements in the following blog post: http://faceofother.blogspot.com/2010/09/thoughts-on-september-11.html

I look forward to learning more about the facts in the case of Huma Abedin.  I'm depending on credible and reasonable people to do the fact checking.  But in the meantime--whatever the precise facts may be--I have many reasons for finding the approach Michele Bachmann has taken on this issue to be wrong headed and even "dangerous," to quote John Boehner--with whom I often disagree, but who I think has the right instincts on this issue.  And I greatly respect John McCain for his strong defense of Abedin--and even more, his defense of values that help unite us in positive ways as a nation.
****************************************************
P.S. (7-23-2012):
Since writing this I've run into another article on the subject: http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-503544_162-57475759-503544/bachmann-under-fire-from-more-republicans/?tag=re1.galleries

Two paragraphs especially caught my attention, again because they quote Republicans I like and respect (not that I entirely agree with them on other matters):
Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham, meanwhile, told Politico the attacks were "ridiculous." Abedin, he said, "is about as far away from the Muslim Brotherhood view of women and ideology as you possibly could get. She's a very modern woman in every sense of the word, and people who say these things are really doing her a disservice because they don't know what they're talking about, and I don't know what their motivations are, but clearly it says more about them than it does her."
On Thursday morning on NPR's Diane Rehm show, Republican Sen. Marco Rubio of Florida said, "I don't share the feelings that are in that letter. Obviously, every member of Congress has a right to express their opinion and every member of Congress is held accountable for their opinion, if they're right or if they're wrong... I'm very very careful and cautious about ever making accusations like that about anyone."

Monday, October 17, 2011

What is a cult?

There has been lots of fascinating discussion recently of whether Mormons are Christians and whether religion has any place in politics.  Not much of that discussion has really gotten into the definition of a "cult."  (All of this results from a claim from Southern Baptism minister named Jeffress that Mormonism is a cult and that Mormons are not Christians.)

One writer who has tackled the definition of the word "cult" is my son, Robert Young.  His piece, posted on Facebook (see http://www.facebook.com/RobTenken), is thought provoking, and much of it is  well stated and well thought out.  But it's certainly not immune from question or correction.  I offer some of both in my analysis, which follows (his text in regular type face, with my comments in bold and in square brackets):

I [this is my son Robert speaking at this point] feel like chiming in on one ongoing debate: The Mormon church was recently called a "cult."
There have been many definitions of the word "cult" throughout history, including:
1) "A relatively small group of people having religious beliefs or practices regarded by others as strange or sinister." [My comment: This is more or less the common, current, popular meaning of the word–in other words, when people use or hear the word nowadays, this is usually pretty much what they understand it to mean. By the way, this definition is from the OED and was added to that admirable source in 2004.]
2) "A system of religious veneration and devotion directed toward a particular figure, person, or object." [This is the original meaning, but is no longer current except in some technical, usually academic settings.  In this sense, “cult” is essentially synonymous with “religion” or “system or act of worship.” I like the OED versions of this definition: "Worship; reverential homage rendered to a divine being or beings" (obsolete); "A particular form or system of religious worship; esp. in reference to its external rites and ceremonies" (often in reference to primitive religions).]
3) "A religious or spiritual organization that requires financial dues in exchange for religious truth." [Where’s this from? I don’t think this is a standard definition, though I’m sure some people have chosen to define the word this way for whatever purposes and with whatever justification they’ve given themselves. It’s not, however, a widespread or historically supported use of the word.]
[Another important definition: In the 1930s, a sociologist tried to classify religions as “churches,” “denominations,” “sects,” and “cults,” with the last of these being “small religious groups lacking in organization and emphasizing the private nature of personal beliefs” (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult).  Note that this is similar to definition #1 above, but without the negative connotations.]
[There’s one other definition that the Southern Baptism minister who recently used the word apparently had in mind: what he himself called a "theological" definition, a definition that has been created by evangelical or conservative Christians to identify a certain kind of “false” religion, a definition they use in their theology schools, their literature, and sometimes in their sermons or in-house discussions.  The minister himself identified two elements of "cults": they have human founders rather than a divine one (so in the case of Mormonism, Joseph Smith rather than Jesus Christ--not of course how Latter-day Saints view the matter since they believe Jesus is himself the founder of their church), and they use other scriptures besides or in addition to the Bible.  This view of "cults" includes the connotation of “sinister”—or even worse, of “diabolic” and “evil”—and “heretical” or “false.” Wikipedia ( http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult ) indicates that this view goes back to the 1940s when, among conservative Christians, “all new religious groups deemed outside of Christian orthodoxy were considered ‘cults.’”]
 
In all of these cases, there is an argument to call the LDS church a cult. [The arguments are stronger in some cases than in others, as some of the following indicates.] It is true that they require tithes and offerings for temple worthiness, and thus temple ceremonies. Those ceremonies contain keys to the gospel and eternal salvation, so yes, this is "cult-ish." [But this is not quite the same as exchanging religious truth for financial dues, for the following reasons: the religious truth conveyed in the temple is conveyed in a special and powerful way, but there is no specific doctrinal content that is not also available for free to anyone.  Also, strictly speaking, you don’t have to pay anything to go to the temple: if you have no tithable income, you can still attend, assuming that you would pay tithing if you could, showing that the principles involved are faith and obedience, not money.]
In early phases of the Mormon church, and in some present functions of it, Joseph Smith is worshipped and adored as a separate figure. [Joseph Smith has never been worshipped in the LDS Church; “adored” is an ambiguous term, but if it is defined strictly as “worshipped,” then it’s not accurate either.  “Praised,” “admired,” “revered”: yes.  The claim of Joseph Smith worshipping as ever being an official practice or doctrine of the Church is false. Note that "cult" is used in a derivative sense in connection with politicians, movie stars, musicians, and even writers: "Devotion or homage to a particular person or thing, now esp. as paid by a body of professed adherents or admirers" (OED def. 3).  This could perhaps apply to Joseph Smith--as well as to Barack Obama and the Beatles, among many others.] The song "Praise to the Man" serves as one example. Additionally, the concept of a living prophet who members should obey (essentially without question) taps the same vein. [Very arguable: “in the same vein” stretches faith that a human being can speak for God into the idea of worshipping the human intermediary.  And though a lot of people have promoted the idea of “without question,” that’s not an accurate reflection of the real-life experience of many Latter-day Saints—and I can give an essay full of quotations indicating that it is the teaching of the Church, whether or not people understand it very clearly, that “questioning” in the sense of “thinking” and “testing” is an appropriate part of listening to a prophet, and that prophets themselves have taught that prophets are humans who are not constantly and perfectly conveying the divine will but must be listened to with spiritual discernment because they sometimes speak non-prophetically.] While not really sufficient to call the faith a cult (the religion does focus on Christ for the most part), this is – sorry – "cultish." [In any case, “mode of worship” as a definition of “cult” is a mostly archaic definition that applies to all religions since religion involves worship.]
Additionally, the idea of a "relatively small group" that has strange spiritual beliefs, is quite well founded. As a small presence in the U.S. and abroad the believes in non-traditionals like abstaining from tobacco and alcohol, proxy baptisms, and eternal families, the Mormons are bizarre. Again, this qualifies as "cultish." [“Relatively” is obviously a relative term.  But it’s not very helpful here.  Yes, Latter-day Saints probably constitute less than 2% of the US population, but that still amounts to millions of people.  And most standard sources place the Church as the 4th, 6th, or 8th largest Christian church in the US (depending mostly on whether various Lutheran and Presbyterian churches are grouped together or considered separately).  That means that the LDS Church in the US is larger than the Episcopalian Church (which I’ve never heard called a “cult”) and larger than the major separate bodies of Lutherans or Presbyterians in the country.  With roughly 14 million Latter-day Saints in the world, the Church is a major global player and has been called by one non-LDS scholar “an emerging world religion.”  Academic students of religion (apart from conservative evangelicals and a few others) normally classify Mormons as a “church” or even a “people” (sort of like the Jews), but not as a “cult.”
    As for strange practices, I guess that’s in the eyes of the beholder: abstention from tobacco and alcohol doesn’t seem to me bizarre and is recommended or expected in other religious traditions.  “Eternal families”: unusual, yes, but I don’t think it’s an idea that strikes most outsiders as “bizarre.”  Proxy baptisms seem strange to some, especially if they think corpses are involved (note that many pagans thought early Christianity involved cannibalism and incest), but the practice of baptism for the dead is Biblical (1 Corinthians 15:29).  There are other things you don’t mention, though, that might some as more strange than any you have mentioned.  I’ll save those for another day.  But there’s nothing stranger than what you can find in virtually any religion—Catholicism is full of odd practices, and some find the general Christian practice of symbolically partaking of Christ’s body and blood to be strange.  Emerson kind of lost his belief in orthodox Christianity in part over his revulsion at the idea.]

So, is the LDS church a cult? Maybe. There's certainly an argument to calling them one. But we must note that many other groups qualify by these same standard. As a few examples:
1) Scientologists. (Small, non-standard, religious, require payment for scans.)
2) Ron Paul supporters. (Small, definitely non-standard, pseud-religious, requests campaign contributions.)
3) Early Christians. (Small, very radical, requested complete communal living)
4) All early protestants. (Small, counter-political, required funding and voice to operate.)
5) Martin Luther King Jr. (Minority support, very vocal and against the grain, much of the reverence focused toward a single man and his beliefs.)
[Yes, there’s a good deal of truth in your list, though there are obviously lots of distinctions among these.  Oh, by the way, all religions pretty much require some kind of funding to operate.] The list goes on. So while we can argue that Mormonism is a cult, we should really be asking the following: Is it really a bad thing to be a cult? Are there are substantial ways a "cult" religion differs from the beliefs of "standard" faiths that would apply to the political arena? And why do we always preoccupy ourselves with name-calling instead of asking the real and practical questions?
[Good questions.]

Wednesday, May 18, 2011

A letter to Jon McNaughton

I sent the letter copied below to artist Jon McNaughton to share my thoughts about his reaction to the BYU Bookstore deciding not to sell his political paintings.  (He pulled all of his paintings from the store and suggested that BYU has become "infected" with liberalism.)  I sent the letter via the comment form on McNaughton's website.  I haven't heard back from him, so I don't know whether he's read what I had to say.

My comments are rooted in frustration I've felt for many years at some Latter-day Saints who take what I believe with all my heart to be the glorious gospel of salvation--a message of peace and joy offered to all humankind and expressing God's love for all his children--to be an extension of their narrow conservative ideology.  Sometimes their theological positions are closer to fundamentalist or conservative evangelical ones than to authoritative or mainstream Latter-day Saint thought.  Politically, their view that one party or one political ideology is true and in harmony with the gospel contradicts official statements of the Church and views expressed by its leaders.  Their emphasis on protecting America is sometimes joined with hostility toward other nations, cultures, and religions and as a result seems to me out of harmony with the expansive international emphasis of the Church.  And sometimes they engage in dangerous doomsday or conspiracy-theory discourse.

I believe many of their political views amount to distortions of true gospel principles.  Many argue that the gospel principle of agency necessarily entails pure capitalist economics and virtually no role for government in relieving of human suffering or ensuring of the public welfare.  They are sometimes what I would call selectively strict Constitutionalists--meaning that they don't have much problem with limiting civil liberties if national security is the rationale and don't put much emphasis on freedom of speech, assembly, or the press.  What they emphasize are the limits set on the federal government, especially on economic matters, and sometimes states' rights.  In their positive principles, I see some merit.  But their emphasis is selective--and is connected with their claim to be the only true protectors and upholders of the Constitution.

What bothers me most are not the ideas of many of these folks as it is the spirit and tone with which they present their views.  Latter-day Saints are rightly troubled by the ugly spirit of most anti-Mormon discourse.  But right-wing Latter-day Saints often treat their "enemies" with the same kind of irrational hostility, unfair stereotyping, and self-righteous judgmentalism.  I favor open discussion and am happy to hear various view expressed with civility and goodwill.  But it seems to me that human beings ought to express their views not only civilly and respectfully but humbly.  Even in our deepest convictions about the things that matter most, none of us has attained a perfect understanding.  When it comes to politics--to the sorts of issues on which political passions make it hard to be unbiased, issues on which (in addition) divine revelation and official Church teachings have not defined a position--we ought to be even more careful to exercise humility and to consider respectually the views of those who disagree with us.

In my letter (reproduced below), I have not been as insightful or eloquent as I would like to have been.  But I have shared my thoughts and feelings in something I hope approaching a good spirit.  For a better written and more incisive discussion of McNaughton's paintings, see the following piece by Ben Park: "Arts, Politics, and Religion" < http://www.patheos.com/Resources/Additional-Resources/Art-Politics-and-Religion-McNaughtons-Agenda-Benjamin-Park-05-17-2011.html >

Now for my letter to Jon McNaughton:

I’m aware of the recent controversy concerning on of your paintings--though of course you’ve created other paintings with even more controversial political messages. You’re right in pointing out that the BYU Bookstore sells books from various political viewpoints, while having a policy of not selling politically oriented paintings. I don’t have direct knowledge of their reasons but suspect it has something to do with the powerful “in your face” character of visual propaganda. There are statements of all sorts in books sold in the Bookstore that would be extremely offensive if they were portrayed and displayed in a visual format. You’ve argued that the criticism of your Constitution painting comes from “liberals.” My own criticism, I believe, has a deeper basis.

I believe some of your judgments and attitudes are contrary to important aspects of the spirit of Christ, differ from some attitudes expressed by the current First Presidency, make harsh judgments on some humble followers of Christ, and convey attitudes that impede rather than aid the progress of the Lord’s work. I would need a good deal of space to explain my views. But I can give a few thoughts here and link you to longer expressions.

Some quick thoughts: Church leaders have repeatedly warned against certain kinds of conspiracy theories about “threats to America.” They have also sought to separate the Church and the gospel from partisan politics, not (I am confident) as a concession to some “weaker brethren,” but because the gospel transcends partisan politics. Elder Dallin H. Oaks once said: "Those who govern their thoughts and actions solely by the principles of liberalism or conservatism or intellectualism cannot be expected to agree with all of the teachings of the gospel of Jesus Christ. As for me, I find some wisdom in liberalism, some wisdom in conservatism, and much truth in intellectualism—but I find no salvation in any of them" (“Criticism,” Ensign, Feb 1987, 68ff.).

On conspiracy-theory and end-of-the world activism, note these words of Elder Boyd K. Packer (“To Be Learned Is Good If . . ." Oct. 1992 General Conference): "There are some among us now who have not been regularly ordained by the heads of the Church and who tell of impending political and economic chaos, the end of the world--something of the 'sky is falling, chicken licken' of the fables. They are misleading members to gather to colonies or cults. Those deceivers say that the Brethren do not know what is going on in the world or that the Brethren approve of their teaching but do not wish to speak of it over the pulpit. Neither is true." (See more at http://secret-memo.blogspot.com/2009/08/conspiracy-theory-mentality.html .)

About the need for harmony and political tolerance within the Church, consider this warning from George Albert Smith: “Whenever your politics cause you to speak unkindly of your brethren, know this, that you are upon dangerous ground.” President Hinckley reminded us that “political differences never justify hatred or ill will,” adding, “ I hope that the Lord’s people may be at peace one with another during times of trouble, regardless of what loyalties they may have to different governments or parties” (see “Instruments of the Lord’s Peace,” Ensign May 2006).

For more thoughts from Church leaders, see http://lds.org/general-conference/2006/04/instruments-of-the-lords-peace?lang=eng & http://www.kevinashworth.com/ldr/268/gop-dominance-troubles-church .

My own thoughts on the relation of the gospel and politics may be found at various spots, including http://english.byu.edu/faculty/peace.htm , http://faceofother.blogspot.com/2011/01/two-speeches.html , http://faceofother.blogspot.com/2010/09/thoughts-on-september-11.html , http://faceofother.blogspot.com/2010/08/change-in-status.html , http://secret-memo.blogspot.com/2009/09/respecting-president-political-bullying.html & http://secret-memo.blogspot.com/2009/05/politics-where-do-i-fit-on-spectrum.html

Thanks for your patience.

Best wishes,

Bruce Young

Saturday, December 18, 2010

Politics?

On Facebook I describe my political views as "Moderately liberal, mildly progressive, and somewhat conservative." But I wouldn't want even that eclectic mix to box me in.

I agree with Elder Dallin H. Oaks, who once said: "Those who govern their thoughts and actions solely by the principles of liberalism or conservatism or intellectualism cannot be expected to agree with all of the teachings of the gospel of Jesus Christ. As for me, I find some wisdom in liberalism, some wisdom in conservatism, and much truth in intellectualism—but I find no salvation in any of them" (“Criticism,” Ensign, Feb 1987, 68ff.).

I discuss my "Political views" status on Facebook more at length at http://faceofother.blogspot.com/2010/08/change-in-status.html